C Data Interface

Arrow supports exchanging data without copying or serialization within the same process through the The Arrow C data interface, even between different language runtimes.

Java to Python

See Integrating PyArrow with Java to implement Java to Python communication using the C Data Interface.

Java to C++

See Building Arrow C++ to build the Arrow C++ libraries:

$ git clone https://github.com/apache/arrow.git
$ cd arrow/cpp
$ mkdir build   # from inside the `cpp` subdirectory
$ cd build
$ cmake .. --preset ninja-debug-minimal
$ cmake --build .
$ tree debug/
debug/
├── libarrow.800.0.0.dylib
├── libarrow.800.dylib -> libarrow.800.0.0.dylib
└── libarrow.dylib -> libarrow.800.dylib

Share an Int64 array from C++ to Java

C++ Side

Implement a function in CDataCppBridge.h that exports an array via the C Data Interface:

#include <iostream>
#include <arrow/api.h>
#include <arrow/c/bridge.h>

void FillInt64Array(const uintptr_t c_schema_ptr, const uintptr_t c_array_ptr) {
    arrow::Int64Builder builder;
    builder.Append(1);
    builder.Append(2);
    builder.Append(3);
    builder.AppendNull();
    builder.Append(5);
    builder.Append(6);
    builder.Append(7);
    builder.Append(8);
    builder.Append(9);
    builder.Append(10);
    std::shared_ptr<arrow::Array> array = *builder.Finish();

    struct ArrowSchema* c_schema = reinterpret_cast<struct ArrowSchema*>(c_schema_ptr);
    auto c_schema_status = arrow::ExportType(*array->type(), c_schema);
    if (!c_schema_status.ok()) c_schema_status.Abort();

    struct ArrowArray* c_array = reinterpret_cast<struct ArrowArray*>(c_array_ptr);
    auto c_array_status = arrow::ExportArray(*array, c_array);
    if (!c_array_status.ok()) c_array_status.Abort();
}

Java Side

For this example, we will use JavaCPP to call our C++ function from Java, without writing JNI bindings ourselves.

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>org.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>java-cdata-example</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

    <properties>
        <maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>8</maven.compiler.target>
        <arrow.version>9.0.0</arrow.version>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.bytedeco</groupId>
            <artifactId>javacpp</artifactId>
            <version>1.5.7</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.arrow</groupId>
            <artifactId>arrow-c-data</artifactId>
            <version>${arrow.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.arrow</groupId>
            <artifactId>arrow-vector</artifactId>
            <version>${arrow.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.arrow</groupId>
            <artifactId>arrow-memory-core</artifactId>
            <version>${arrow.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.arrow</groupId>
            <artifactId>arrow-memory-netty</artifactId>
            <version>${arrow.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.arrow</groupId>
            <artifactId>arrow-format</artifactId>
            <version>${arrow.version}</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

import org.bytedeco.javacpp.annotation.Platform;
import org.bytedeco.javacpp.annotation.Properties;
import org.bytedeco.javacpp.tools.InfoMap;
import org.bytedeco.javacpp.tools.InfoMapper;

@Properties(
        target = "CDataJavaToCppExample",
        value = @Platform(
                include = {
                        "CDataCppBridge.h"
                },
                compiler = {"cpp17"},
                linkpath = {"/arrow/cpp/build/debug/"},
                link = {"arrow"}
        )
)
public class CDataJavaConfig implements InfoMapper {

    @Override
    public void map(InfoMap infoMap) {
    }
}

# Compile our Java code
$ javac -cp javacpp-1.5.7.jar CDataJavaConfig.java

# Generate CDataInterfaceLibrary
$ java -jar javacpp-1.5.7.jar CDataJavaConfig.java

# Generate libjniCDataInterfaceLibrary.dylib
$ java -jar javacpp-1.5.7.jar CDataJavaToCppExample.java

# Validate libjniCDataInterfaceLibrary.dylib created
$ otool -L macosx-x86_64/libjniCDataJavaToCppExample.dylib
macosx-x86_64/libjniCDataJavaToCppExample.dylib:
    libjniCDataJavaToCppExample.dylib (compatibility version 0.0.0, current version 0.0.0)
    @rpath/libarrow.800.dylib (compatibility version 800.0.0, current version 800.0.0)
    /usr/lib/libc++.1.dylib (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 1200.3.0)
    /usr/lib/libSystem.B.dylib (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 1311.0.0)

Java Test

Let’s create a Java class to test our bridge:

import org.apache.arrow.c.ArrowArray;
import org.apache.arrow.c.ArrowSchema;
import org.apache.arrow.c.Data;
import org.apache.arrow.memory.BufferAllocator;
import org.apache.arrow.memory.RootAllocator;
import org.apache.arrow.vector.BigIntVector;

public class TestCDataInterface {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try(
            BufferAllocator allocator = new RootAllocator();
            ArrowSchema arrowSchema = ArrowSchema.allocateNew(allocator);
            ArrowArray arrowArray = ArrowArray.allocateNew(allocator)
        ){
            CDataJavaToCppExample.FillInt64Array(
                    arrowSchema.memoryAddress(), arrowArray.memoryAddress());
            try(
                BigIntVector bigIntVector = (BigIntVector) Data.importVector(
                        allocator, arrowArray, arrowSchema, null)
            ){
                System.out.println("C++-allocated array: " + bigIntVector);
            }
        }
    }
}

C++-allocated array: [1, 2, 3, null, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]

Share an Int32 array from Java to C++

Java Side

For this example, we will build a JAR with all dependencies bundled.

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <groupId>org.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>cpptojava</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <properties>
        <maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>8</maven.compiler.target>
        <arrow.version>9.0.0</arrow.version>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.arrow</groupId>
            <artifactId>arrow-c-data</artifactId>
            <version>${arrow.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.arrow</groupId>
            <artifactId>arrow-memory-netty</artifactId>
            <version>${arrow.version}</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
                <executions>
                    <execution>
                        <phase>package</phase>
                        <goals>
                            <goal>single</goal>
                        </goals>
                        <configuration>
                            <descriptorRefs>
                                <descriptorRef>jar-with-dependencies</descriptorRef>
                            </descriptorRefs>
                        </configuration>
                    </execution>
                </executions>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

import org.apache.arrow.c.ArrowArray;
import org.apache.arrow.c.ArrowSchema;
import org.apache.arrow.c.Data;
import org.apache.arrow.memory.BufferAllocator;
import org.apache.arrow.memory.RootAllocator;
import org.apache.arrow.vector.FieldVector;
import org.apache.arrow.vector.IntVector;
import org.apache.arrow.vector.VectorSchemaRoot;

import java.util.Arrays;

public class ToBeCalledByCpp {
    final static BufferAllocator allocator = new RootAllocator();

    /**
     * Create a {@link FieldVector} and export it via the C Data Interface
     * @param schemaAddress Schema memory address to wrap
     * @param arrayAddress Array memory address to wrap
     */
    public static void fillVector(long schemaAddress, long arrayAddress){
        try (ArrowArray arrow_array = ArrowArray.wrap(arrayAddress);
             ArrowSchema arrow_schema = ArrowSchema.wrap(schemaAddress) ) {
            Data.exportVector(allocator, populateFieldVectorToExport(), null, arrow_array, arrow_schema);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Create a {@link VectorSchemaRoot} and export it via the C Data Interface
     * @param schemaAddress Schema memory address to wrap
     * @param arrayAddress Array memory address to wrap
     */
    public static void fillVectorSchemaRoot(long schemaAddress, long arrayAddress){
        try (ArrowArray arrow_array = ArrowArray.wrap(arrayAddress);
             ArrowSchema arrow_schema = ArrowSchema.wrap(schemaAddress) ) {
            Data.exportVectorSchemaRoot(allocator, populateVectorSchemaRootToExport(), null, arrow_array, arrow_schema);
        }
    }

    private static FieldVector populateFieldVectorToExport(){
        IntVector intVector = new IntVector("int-to-export", allocator);
        intVector.allocateNew(3);
        intVector.setSafe(0, 1);
        intVector.setSafe(1, 2);
        intVector.setSafe(2, 3);
        intVector.setValueCount(3);
        System.out.println("[Java] FieldVector: \n" + intVector);
        return intVector;
    }

    private static VectorSchemaRoot populateVectorSchemaRootToExport(){
        IntVector intVector = new IntVector("age-to-export", allocator);
        intVector.setSafe(0, 10);
        intVector.setSafe(1, 20);
        intVector.setSafe(2, 30);
        VectorSchemaRoot root = new VectorSchemaRoot(Arrays.asList(intVector));
        root.setRowCount(3);
        System.out.println("[Java] VectorSchemaRoot: \n" + root.contentToTSVString());
        return root;
    }
}

Build the JAR and copy it to the C++ project.

$ mvn clean install
$ cp target/cpptojava-1.0-SNAPSHOT-jar-with-dependencies.jar <c++ project path>/cpptojava.jar

C++ Side

This application uses JNI to call Java code, but transfers data (zero-copy) via the C Data Interface instead.

#include <iostream>
#include <jni.h>

#include <arrow/api.h>
#include <arrow/c/bridge.h>

JNIEnv *CreateVM(JavaVM **jvm) {
    JNIEnv *env;
    JavaVMInitArgs vm_args;
    JavaVMOption options[2];
    options[0].optionString = "-Djava.class.path=cpptojava.jar";
    options[1].optionString = "-DXcheck:jni:pedantic";
    vm_args.version = JNI_VERSION_10;
    vm_args.nOptions = 2;
    vm_args.options = options;
    int status = JNI_CreateJavaVM(jvm, (void **) &env, &vm_args);
    if (status < 0) {
        std::cerr << "\n<<<<< Unable to Launch JVM >>>>>\n" << std::endl;
        return nullptr;
    }
    return env;
}

int main() {
    JNIEnv *env;
    JavaVM *jvm;
    env = CreateVM(&jvm);
    if (env == nullptr) return EXIT_FAILURE;
    jclass javaClassToBeCalledByCpp = env->FindClass("ToBeCalledByCpp");
    if (javaClassToBeCalledByCpp != nullptr) {
        jmethodID fillVector = env->GetStaticMethodID(javaClassToBeCalledByCpp,
                                                      "fillVector",
                                                      "(JJ)V");
        if (fillVector != nullptr) {
            struct ArrowSchema arrowSchema;
            struct ArrowArray arrowArray;
            std::cout << "\n<<<<< C++ to Java for Arrays >>>>>\n" << std::endl;
            env->CallStaticVoidMethod(javaClassToBeCalledByCpp, fillVector,
                                      static_cast<jlong>(reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(&arrowSchema)),
                                      static_cast<jlong>(reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(&arrowArray)));
            auto resultImportArray = arrow::ImportArray(&arrowArray, &arrowSchema);
            std::shared_ptr<arrow::Array> array = resultImportArray.ValueOrDie();
            std::cout << "[C++] Array: " << array->ToString() << std::endl;
        } else {
            std::cerr << "Could not find fillVector method\n" << std::endl;
            return EXIT_FAILURE;
        }
        jmethodID fillVectorSchemaRoot = env->GetStaticMethodID(javaClassToBeCalledByCpp,
                                                                "fillVectorSchemaRoot",
                                                                "(JJ)V");
        if (fillVectorSchemaRoot != nullptr) {
            struct ArrowSchema arrowSchema;
            struct ArrowArray arrowArray;
            std::cout << "\n<<<<< C++ to Java for RecordBatch >>>>>\n" << std::endl;
            env->CallStaticVoidMethod(javaClassToBeCalledByCpp, fillVectorSchemaRoot,
                                      static_cast<jlong>(reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(&arrowSchema)),
                                      static_cast<jlong>(reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(&arrowArray)));
            auto resultImportVectorSchemaRoot = arrow::ImportRecordBatch(&arrowArray, &arrowSchema);
            std::shared_ptr<arrow::RecordBatch> recordBatch = resultImportVectorSchemaRoot.ValueOrDie();
            std::cout << "[C++] RecordBatch: " << recordBatch->ToString() << std::endl;
        } else {
            std::cerr << "Could not find fillVectorSchemaRoot method\n" << std::endl;
            return EXIT_FAILURE;
        }
    } else {
        std::cout << "Could not find ToBeCalledByCpp class\n" << std::endl;
        return EXIT_FAILURE;
    }
    jvm->DestroyJavaVM();
    return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}

CMakeLists.txt definition file:

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.19)
project(cdatacpptojava)
find_package(JNI REQUIRED)
find_package(Arrow REQUIRED)
message(STATUS "Arrow version: ${ARROW_VERSION}")
include_directories(${JNI_INCLUDE_DIRS})
set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 17)
add_executable(${PROJECT_NAME} main.cpp)
target_link_libraries(cdatacpptojava PRIVATE Arrow::arrow_shared)
target_link_libraries(cdatacpptojava PRIVATE ${JNI_LIBRARIES})

Result

<<<<< C++ to Java for Arrays >>>>>
[Java] FieldVector:
[1, 2, 3]
[C++] Array: [
  1,
  2,
  3
]

<<<<< C++ to Java for RecordBatch >>>>>
[Java] VectorSchemaRoot:
age-to-export
10
20
30

[C++] RecordBatch: age-to-export:   [
  10,
  20,
  30
]